Bibliography
Ingelise (Inge-Lise Maria)
Stuijts s. xx–xxi
Works authored
Fredengren, Christina, Annaba Kilfeather, and Ingelise Stuijts, Lough Kinale: studies of an Irish lake, Discovery Programme Monograph, 8, Dublin: Wordwell, 2010.
abstract:
This book is the result of one module of the Discovery Programme’s Lake Settlement Project. The study examined the archaeology of Lough Kinale from the Mesolithic to the present. Lake archaeology is an under-studied aspect of Irish archaeology and this book is designed to contribute to a better understanding of that topic.Lough Kinale was selected for study because a soft-bed lake was likely to provide good environmental information. A general review of the material from Lough Kinale showed that distinct human indicators existed for the Mesolithic period, the early medieval period and later. There was also potential for examining the question of the construction in the Mesolithic of man-made islands. This is one of the outstanding questions in lake settlement research and might explain the context of many of the late Mesolithic artefacts found on lakeshores in different parts of Ireland. Other issues that could be addressed at Lough Kinale included the building and use of larger high-cairn crannogs in proximity to each other. There are three large crannogs here, two of which have yielded rich artefact material. Were they in use at the same time and what was their social meaning?
abstract:
This book is the result of one module of the Discovery Programme’s Lake Settlement Project. The study examined the archaeology of Lough Kinale from the Mesolithic to the present. Lake archaeology is an under-studied aspect of Irish archaeology and this book is designed to contribute to a better understanding of that topic.Lough Kinale was selected for study because a soft-bed lake was likely to provide good environmental information. A general review of the material from Lough Kinale showed that distinct human indicators existed for the Mesolithic period, the early medieval period and later. There was also potential for examining the question of the construction in the Mesolithic of man-made islands. This is one of the outstanding questions in lake settlement research and might explain the context of many of the late Mesolithic artefacts found on lakeshores in different parts of Ireland. Other issues that could be addressed at Lough Kinale included the building and use of larger high-cairn crannogs in proximity to each other. There are three large crannogs here, two of which have yielded rich artefact material. Were they in use at the same time and what was their social meaning?
Contributions to journals
McGinley, Seamus, Aaron P. Potito, Karen Molloy, Roseanne Schot, Ingelise Stuijts, and David W. Beilman, “Lough Lugh, Uisneach: from natural lake to archaeological monument?”, The Journal of Irish Archaeology 24 (2015): 115–130.
abstract:
Recent studies have enhanced our understanding of the archaeological complex on the Hill of Uisneach, Co. Westmeath. However, the present palaeoenvironmental investigations represent the first detailed study of Lough Lugh, a small lake at the centre of the monument complex and ostensible site of the god Lugh’s demise. This lake history study is a continuation and expansion of the multi-proxy research undertaken as part of the Discovery Programme’s Late Iron Age and ‘Roman’ Ireland (LIARI) project, published in 2014. The study presents higher-resolution chironomid (nonbiting midge fly) sub-fossil sampling and a re-evaluation of the pollen data to include aquatic pollen types. Geochemical indicators (C:N ratios, δ15N and δ13C isotopes) were also added to the suite of proxies for this paper. Further fieldwork included stratigraphical investigations of trial cores along two transects across the lake to gain a more holistic representation of the lakebed stratigraphy. Chironomid and pollen evidence shows that the lake was an open water system in the Late-glacial/Early Holocene. A subsequent increase in macrophytes (aquatic plants) and macrophyte-dwelling chironomids indicates that the lake had begun to close in the Early Holocene. The dominance of terrestrial/semi-terrestrial chironomid taxa, the spike in C:N values and the near absence of lake aquatic plants and algae demonstrate that a marshland had formed by 8350–8240 cal. BC. The changes in chironomid and pollen taxa, in addition to abrupt changes in C:N ratios, δ15N and LOI values, and lake sediment characteristics show that lake sediment was likely removed by human endeavour to re-initiate open water conditions. The results of this more exhaustive investigation, in conjunction with archaeological, mythological, folk history and place-name evidence, suggest that the lake may have been dug out in medieval times. This, however, may have been only one in a series of dig-outs in the lake’s history. When people first encountered this site it was probably a marshland. It is suggested here that the existing lake is probably anthropogenic in origin and is likely to have had a symbolic or ritual significance. Lough Lugh can potentially be considered an archaeological site or monument.
abstract:
Recent studies have enhanced our understanding of the archaeological complex on the Hill of Uisneach, Co. Westmeath. However, the present palaeoenvironmental investigations represent the first detailed study of Lough Lugh, a small lake at the centre of the monument complex and ostensible site of the god Lugh’s demise. This lake history study is a continuation and expansion of the multi-proxy research undertaken as part of the Discovery Programme’s Late Iron Age and ‘Roman’ Ireland (LIARI) project, published in 2014. The study presents higher-resolution chironomid (nonbiting midge fly) sub-fossil sampling and a re-evaluation of the pollen data to include aquatic pollen types. Geochemical indicators (C:N ratios, δ15N and δ13C isotopes) were also added to the suite of proxies for this paper. Further fieldwork included stratigraphical investigations of trial cores along two transects across the lake to gain a more holistic representation of the lakebed stratigraphy. Chironomid and pollen evidence shows that the lake was an open water system in the Late-glacial/Early Holocene. A subsequent increase in macrophytes (aquatic plants) and macrophyte-dwelling chironomids indicates that the lake had begun to close in the Early Holocene. The dominance of terrestrial/semi-terrestrial chironomid taxa, the spike in C:N values and the near absence of lake aquatic plants and algae demonstrate that a marshland had formed by 8350–8240 cal. BC. The changes in chironomid and pollen taxa, in addition to abrupt changes in C:N ratios, δ15N and LOI values, and lake sediment characteristics show that lake sediment was likely removed by human endeavour to re-initiate open water conditions. The results of this more exhaustive investigation, in conjunction with archaeological, mythological, folk history and place-name evidence, suggest that the lake may have been dug out in medieval times. This, however, may have been only one in a series of dig-outs in the lake’s history. When people first encountered this site it was probably a marshland. It is suggested here that the existing lake is probably anthropogenic in origin and is likely to have had a symbolic or ritual significance. Lough Lugh can potentially be considered an archaeological site or monument.
Downey, Liam, and Ingelise Stuijts, “Overview of historical Irish food products—A.T. Lucas (1960–2) revisited”, The Journal of Irish Archaeology 22 (2013): 111–126.
abstract:
In the early 1960s A.T. Lucas published a seminal paper on the food products eaten in Ireland since earliest times down to the late seventeenth century. There is at this juncture a pressing need to harness and collate the additional knowledge now available with a view to developing a more fully informed and consolidated perspective on this subject. Using both documentary and archaeological evidence, two questions are discussed here: what food products were commonly consumed in Ireland down the centuries, and what was the overall nutritional status of the diets consumed by the general population since earlier times? The present article aims to provide a baseline perspective for the assimilation of the range of new knowledge generated in recent decades.
abstract:
In the early 1960s A.T. Lucas published a seminal paper on the food products eaten in Ireland since earliest times down to the late seventeenth century. There is at this juncture a pressing need to harness and collate the additional knowledge now available with a view to developing a more fully informed and consolidated perspective on this subject. Using both documentary and archaeological evidence, two questions are discussed here: what food products were commonly consumed in Ireland down the centuries, and what was the overall nutritional status of the diets consumed by the general population since earlier times? The present article aims to provide a baseline perspective for the assimilation of the range of new knowledge generated in recent decades.
OʼBrien, Charlotte, Katherine Selby, Zoe Ruiz, Anthony Brown, Mark Dinnin, Chris Caseldine, Peter Langdon, and Ingelise Stuijts, “A sediment-based multiproxy palaeoecological approach to the environmental archaeology of lake dwellings (crannogs), central Ireland”, The Holocene 15 (2005): 707–719.
abstract:
A multiproxy study of Ballywillin Crannog, Lough Kinale, central Ireland is presented. The methodology used reveals the wealth of information that a multiproxy approach can contribute in lake settlement studies. Plant macrofossils, pollen and spores, diatoms, chironomids and Coleoptera from a lake core are used to reconstruct local and regional vegetation change and lake history to establish the age and function of the crannog. The palaeoecological evidence suggests that Ballywillin Crannog was constructed around AD 620, with its most intensive period of occupation after AD 1150. Cereals and a range of gathered fruits and nuts were brought onto and cooked on the crannog, and cereal grains were possibly stored there.
abstract:
A multiproxy study of Ballywillin Crannog, Lough Kinale, central Ireland is presented. The methodology used reveals the wealth of information that a multiproxy approach can contribute in lake settlement studies. Plant macrofossils, pollen and spores, diatoms, chironomids and Coleoptera from a lake core are used to reconstruct local and regional vegetation change and lake history to establish the age and function of the crannog. The palaeoecological evidence suggests that Ballywillin Crannog was constructed around AD 620, with its most intensive period of occupation after AD 1150. Cereals and a range of gathered fruits and nuts were brought onto and cooked on the crannog, and cereal grains were possibly stored there.
Fredengren, Christina, Meriel McClatchie, and Ingelise Stuijts, “Connections and distance: investigating social and agricultural issues relating to early medieval crannogs in Ireland”, Environmental Archaeology 9:2 (2004): 173–178.
abstract:
This paper considers approaches to the study of Early Medieval crannogs in Ireland, focussing particularly on social and agricultural issues. The architecture of crannogs suggests an act of isolation, perhaps representing an Early Medieval ideology, while their material assemblages demonstrate that people in their practical lives would have depended on others to varying extents. Previously held hypotheses concerning the association of crannogs exclusively with higher-status social groups are challenged in this paper. The perceived dominance of animal husbandry in many archaeological texts is also questioned. The diverse roles of arable agricultural products in Early Medieval society are then explored, with the use of contemporary documentary sources, in order to investigate issues beyond economic concerns. Our excavation of a crannog at Sroove in Lough Cara, Co. Sligo, provides a case study with which we can reconsider approaches to the study of crannogs in Ireland.
abstract:
This paper considers approaches to the study of Early Medieval crannogs in Ireland, focussing particularly on social and agricultural issues. The architecture of crannogs suggests an act of isolation, perhaps representing an Early Medieval ideology, while their material assemblages demonstrate that people in their practical lives would have depended on others to varying extents. Previously held hypotheses concerning the association of crannogs exclusively with higher-status social groups are challenged in this paper. The perceived dominance of animal husbandry in many archaeological texts is also questioned. The diverse roles of arable agricultural products in Early Medieval society are then explored, with the use of contemporary documentary sources, in order to investigate issues beyond economic concerns. Our excavation of a crannog at Sroove in Lough Cara, Co. Sligo, provides a case study with which we can reconsider approaches to the study of crannogs in Ireland.
Contributions to edited collections or authored works
Reilly, Eileen, Susan Lyons, Ellen OʼCarroll, Lorna OʼDonnell, Ingelise Stuijts, and Adrienne Corless, “Building the towns: the interrelationship between woodland history and urban life in Viking Age Ireland”, in: Ben Jervis, Lee G. Broderick, and Idoia Grau-Sologestoa (eds), Objects, environment, and everyday life in medieval Europe, Turnhout: Brepols, 2016. 67–92.
